Kicking The Habit Through Negative Reinforcement :: essays research papers

My dependence on nicotine advanced from easygoing social smoking to devouring two packs every week. In spite of the fact that I’ve just been smoking for around one year, I needed to stop before my habit turned out to be a lot more grounded. Like most smokers, I’ve attempted to stop without any weaning period on numerous events, yet the state of mind and the self control keeps going just until my neurotransmitters (nerve endings) begin shouting, crying, and begging my cognizant for a cigarette. The intendment of my journey was to observe the impacts on my smoking propensity and to check the physical and mental habit through the usage of explicit strengthened practices. Positive reinforcers make me smoke, and negative reinforcers keep me from smoking. By recognizing uplifting comments, I figured out how to stop smoking.      Before starting my investigation of my smoking propensities, I recorded the quantity of cigarettes smoked regularly. On a normal day I smoked 4-5 cigarettes. By building up my pattern execution on a regular week, I set out to locate the encouraging comments, which constrained me into smoking. The days that were generally productive in smoking were Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. The essential purpose behind the expansion in smoking was because of the get-togethers of that specific night, which incorporated the incidental liquor utilization, and friendship of individual smokers/companions. â€Å"Partying† drastically influenced my smoking propensity. Without a doubt my gregarious tricks influenced my smoking, yet the post-sex cigarette likewise added to the tally. By pinpointing these elements, I had the option to develop a fixed negative fortification calendar to lead me away from smoking and steer me towards a more advantageous way of life.      In request to build up a fixed negative support plan, I isolated my cigarettes into gatherings permitting myself just three cigarettes every day. I put my every day apportion of cigarettes into envelopes and marked them for every day of the week. I smoked one cigarette after lunch, one after supper, and one later around evening time. I would compensate myself with a cigarette in the wake of going to classes and having lunch. I would then reward myself with another cigarette after schoolwork and supper. Through the course of my week, I damaged my routine just twice. On Wednesday and Friday, I â€Å"bummed’ a cigarette from one of my companions. In the wake of feeling regretful about damaging my routine, I apologized for a considerable length of time, and vowed to myself that I was going to beat my fixation. Essential negative reinforcers likewise helped me stay with the arrangement, for example, improved endurance during physical exercise and more cash in my poc ket.

Meiji Era (1868-1912) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Meiji Era (1868-1912) - Essay Example The legislature industrialized the country with the help of putting resources into endeavors claimed by the state, advancement of the foundation for ventures and acquired innovation, hardware structure created countries, for example, European nations and privatization of enterprises. Japan's segregation from different pieces of the world didn't start industrialization as ahead of schedule as the other western European nations. The Japanese government at that point attempted to oppose western impact in exchange, and until 1853, they shut their exchanging guests and ports for any exchanging action with outsiders. They occupied with no remote contact except if it was strongly essential and the laws restricted any Japanese non military personnel to travel. Japanese government likewise guaranteed that there was just a single seaport open to exchange with any western country. The port of Nagasaki was the association point for any exchanging action with the western nations particularly the Dutch and Chinese ships.2 In 1853, the leader of America around then sent the American commando, Mathew Perry, with an armada of steam-fueled boats (the back boats) to constrain an exchange settlement with Japan and open the Japanese ports and visitors to exchange with different pieces of the world. Chief Perry gave the Japanese government one year of dynamic, and when he returned in 1954, the Japanese marked the settlement affected forcibly and cleared a path for the world exchanging. This meant that how the Japanese were frail in both economy and military.3 Creation of mechanical foundation The Japanese understood that they required a solid present day military to maintain a strategic distance from terrorizing by any remote country. Be that as it may, the old principle of Tokugawa didn't share the view modernizing their weapons and military. In 1968, the old Tokugawa government fallen, and denoted the start of the Meiji time when the Japanese started genuine thought of modernizati on. In any case, the military modernization and weapons store development couldn't come alone; it incorporated the industrialization and mechanical development of Japan and its head cities2. Despite the fact that, there were a few resistances against industrialization, the Meija government continued with the modernization procedure. The legislature started with supporting the message framework that associated the best urban communities in Japan, at that point they constructed streets and, shipyards rail arrange. The Meiji government likewise encouraged the structure of mines, material enterprises, weapons industrial facilities, exploratory production lines and agrarian stations. The pioneers reloaded their endeavors of military modernization including necessary military help for all men, foundation of little standing armed force and a huge save armed force framework to support their national security. They likewise occupied with remote military training and meeting from considering outside military, utilizing remote military consultants and sending cadets to another country Europe and America to contemplate military education4. The Meiji government’s boss point was to reestablish Japanese disconnection, yet at the same time keep in touch with the west.

4 Pitfalls of Remote Work (and How to Overcome Them)

4 Pitfalls of Remote Work (and How to Overcome Them) About 10 years ago, working from home (or anywhere away from the office) was virtually unheard of.As the internet became more ubiquitous and the knowledge-based economy started becoming mainstream, however, it became possible to work from anywhere in the world, and professionals started embracing the concept of working remotely.Still, a lot of people did not believe in this model of working. Since the adoption of remote work was chiefly driven by millennials, it was treated as another “annoying” millennial fad that would quickly fade away.Today, however, working remotely has become the future of work, giving millennials another chance to prove critics wrong.According to a Global State of Remote Work report by Owl Labs, which polled over 3000 workers from all over the world, 18% of employees work from home full time, 52% work remotely at least once per week, and 68% work remotely at least once per month.The same survey also reports that 16% of global companies are fully remote (no offices or headquarters.Everyone works from wherever they choose), while 40% of global companies use a hybrid model where employees have the choice of working either remotely or within the office.According to another worldwide remote workers survey by PGI, 50% of employees who work remotely part-time reported that they wanted to increase the number of hours they work remotely.In addition, 60% of employees who work remotely part-time said that they would leave their current positions for another job at the same pay rate if the new job allowed them to work remotely full time.Yet another survey by Stack Overflow found that 53% of developers reported that the ability to work remotely was a top priority for them when considering a new job.Below are some more statistics about remote work: Remote work statistics in the US. Source: SlideshareAll the above statistics show that remote work is fast becoming the preferred mode of working, and we can expect the number of people who work remotely to continue growing.But why is remote working becoming so popular?There are a number of reasons, which include: LESS TIME SPENT COMMUTINGLet’s face it.Commuting to and from work wastes a lot of time.In the UK, the average person spends about 60 â€" 80 minutes every day on the commute to and from work.Since this is just the average, there are people who spend up to two hours in traffic to and from work every single day.Not only does this waste time, it is also bad for the environment (increased carbon footprint) and may even lead to stress.According to a report by the UK’s Royal Society for Public Health, over 50% of workers experience stress that can be directly attributed to long commute times.Working from home saves workers from these long commutes, which translates into less t ime wasted (increased productivity), less environmental impact on the environment, and reduced levels of stress.FLEXIBLE SCHEDULEWorking remotely, especially for those who work remotely full time, means that you have the freedom to schedule your day as you wish.For instance, if you work as a content creator or a web developer, you have the freedom to do your work at whatever time suits you best, provided you don’t miss your deadlines.If you prefer working at night, you can do it without having to worry about the office being closed.Even for those who have to work remotely within the constraints of a normal work day, you still have the freedom to take breaks you wouldn’t be able to take at the office, and what’s more, you can use these breaks in ways you wouldn’t be able to at the office.For instance, if you are feeling strung after an hour of intense concentration on a project, you can take a 15 minute break to either take a refreshing power nap, do some yoga, or anything el se that helps you to rejuvenate yourself effectively.At the office, the most you can do is to go through your social media or take a bathroom/smoking break.INCREASED PRODUCTIVITYThis might come as a surprise, but working from home (or the nearby coffee shop) can also make you more productive.According to a survey conducted by Vodafone, 83% of respondents claimed that the flexibility that comes with working remotely makes them more productive.Another study conducted by Stanford professor Nicholas Bloom over a period of two years also found that employees who worked remotely were more productive compared to their colleagues who worked from the office.There are a number of reasons why working from home makes one more productive.First, since remote workers don’t have to waste their time in traffic, they actually work more hours than those who have to commute to the office.Second, remote workers can work without distractions from their colleagues.Video conferencing meetings also tend t o take less time compared to in-person meetings, which leaves remote workers with more time to work.Finally, the flexibility of working from home makes employees happier and increases their enjoyment of work, which in turn leads to a boost in motivation and productivity.IT SAVES YOU MONEYOnce you start working from home, you will notice a huge difference in how much money you spend every month.The most obvious source of savings is the money you would have spent on bus fare or gas in order to get to the office.However, there are several other opportunities for saving that come with working remotely.Since you are working from home, you will make your own food, which will save you from having to spend on the expensive lunches at that fancy café next to your office block.No buying coffees on your way to work in the morning.You also won’t need to purchase two sets of clothes, one for the office and one for everyday life.At home, you can even work in your pajamas if you so wish.THE PIT FALLS OF REMOTE WORKWhile working remotely certainly has a lot of advantages, this is not to say that it is not without its challenges.If you ask anyone who routinely works from home, they will tell you that it’s not all rainbows, butterflies, and unicorns.After numerous conversations with people who work remotely (I being one of them), I have noticed that there are four pitfalls of remote work that stand out. Below are the four pitfalls, and how to overcome them.1. Working Too MuchA lot of managers are reluctant about having their employees work remotely because they think that the lack of physical, in-person supervision means that the employees will slack off. Nothing could be farther from the truth.If anything, the opposite is what happens â€" employees working remotely tend to work more than they normally do at the office.Under the traditional model of working, leaving the office means that you have switched off work. People calling your office telephone won’t be able to rea ch you till the next morning.Similarly, work emails will go unchecked until you get to the office the next morning.When your work and your personal life take place within the same environment, however, it becomes harder to set boundaries between work and personal life.If you work from home, colleagues, bosses, and clients can easily reach you through your cell phone or home telephone, regardless of the time of day.Unlike at the office where you might want to leave early to catch the train or beat the evening traffic, you don’t have to worry about such things when working from home, which might lead to the temptation to work on that exciting project for longer than you would have done at the office.If you work from the office, anything you remember while after leaving the office will have to wait till you get to the office the next morning.When everything you need to work is right there with you, however, you are more likely to give in to the temptation to do one little thing just before bed, and before you know it, you are still working past midnight.When working from home, the lines between work and personal time blur and work becomes never-ending, something that can even lead to exhaustion and burnout.How to Avoid Working Too MuchIf you feel like you are working too much when working from home, below are some tips that will help you avoid exhaustion and burnout from too much work.Set appointments at the end of the work day: At the office, there will be always be something to remind you that the work day is over â€" other colleagues leaving the office, need to catch the bus or beat traffic, and so on. At home, without such things to remind you that the work day is over, it is easy to find yourself working past your normal work hours. A good way to prevent this is to have something scheduled for the end of the work day that forces you to stop working. This could be a daily evening walk, a daily trip to the gym, a book-reading appointment, and so on. Basicall y, have something that you need to do after work.Set up reminders for breaks: When working at home, it is also quite easy to forget about taking breaks. This is because you don’t have to walk around to consult colleagues, get to meetings and so on. To deal with this, you need to set up reminders to take short breaks every couple of hours. A good way is to schedule your day using the Pomodoro technique.Let your colleagues know when your day is done, then shut down your computer: One of the things that keeps remote workers working beyond the normal working day is requests from colleagues. A colleague who is working late will figure that, since you are working from home, you can handle a quick request from them, even if it is past working hours. After all, you are still “in the office.” To avoid this, make it clear to your colleagues that your working hours are over. Follow this with shutting down your computer, or at least logging off Slack, or whatever tool your organization us es to communicate. If you claim that your working hours are over but then stick around on Slack for an extra hour, someone is bound to ask you to do something for them.Have a physical boundary for your workspace: The best way of separating your work from personal time when working at home is to have a dedicated home office. This way, once you are done working, you can walk out of the office like everyone else. If you don’t have a dedicated home office, the next best thing to do is to put your laptop away so that you don’t end up being tempted to continue working.2. Lack of CommunityIf you are an introvert who’s happiest when you are enjoying your own company, you would probably give anything for the opportunity to work from home.Most of us, however, are not introverts. We thrive in situations that allow us to have interactions with fellow humans.Working within an office environment provides you with the perfect opportunity to interact with other people.You can talk to your col leagues when asking about a project, have moments of interaction at the water cooler, and perhaps even have lunch or after work drinks with them. Your colleagues form a social circle around you that keeps you going.Working from home, on the other hand, deprives you of this opportunity to interact with colleagues. There are no colleagues to talk to. There is no colleague to go for lunch or after work drinks with.During your short trip to the water cooler, the only thing living thing you will encounter is your cat â€" if you have one that is.If you live alone, you might even go for days without an in-person interaction with another human being.This can lead to a life of loneliness, or a hermit like existence where you even become scared of going out in public and interacting with other people. In extreme situations, it can even lead to depression.Granted, even as a remote worker, you can’t escape communicating with other people.You will have to write emails to clients, interact with your colleagues through phone calls and communication applications like Slack, attend the occasional video meeting, and so on.However, these interactions with other people through a computer screen do not create the sense of community and connection that comes with interacting with other people in person.How to Avoid a Life of Loneliness as a Remote WorkerIf you are the introverted type, working in solitude might not be a huge challenge for you.If you thrive from social interactions, however, you need to take some action to avoid falling into a reclusive life.Below are some tips on how to avoid a life of loneliness as a remote worker:Make social breaks a part of your schedule: Include activities that require you to spend some time outside your home into your daily or weekly schedule. For instance, you could schedule lunch or drinks with friends about two or three days a week. Even something as simple as going to the gym every evening can provide that connection to other people.Donâ €™t work from home every day: The beauty of remote work is that it can be done from anywhere. Instead of working all alone at home, why not carry your laptop to the library, a nearby coffee shop, or even a co-working space near you? Working from such spaces allows you to socialize with other people while still giving you the freedom that comes with working remotely.Find opportunities for socializing: Join a local group or organization with regular activities, take some dance classes, join a book club, or basically anything else that gives you a chance to interact with other people.3. MiscommunicationAs a remote worker, majority of your communication with clients, colleagues, and bosses is done online â€" email, communication tools, project management tools, text message and other instant messaging apps, and so on.With so many platforms through which communication can be made, it is very easy to miss some messages.In addition, communication through written text is not the most effect ive mode of communication.When talking to someone in person, the message is conveyed not only through what is said, but through non-verbal aspects of communication, such as tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, and so on.When communicating through email or Slack, these non-verbal cues are not there, which makes messages prone to misinterpretations, leading to miscommunication and misunderstandings.If you work remotely while some of your colleagues work in the office, it is inevitable that there will be things that will be said informally that won’t make it to you.In such cases, it is very easy to assume that your colleagues are sidelining you and making decisions without your input.All these issues can break down the communication process and even lead to bad blood between you and your colleagues.How to Avoid Breakdown of CommunicationPreventing the breakdown of communication boils down to two things. First, you and your organization should decide on one chief mode of commu nication.For instance, if you decide that Slack is the main mode of communication, all communication should be made through Slack.This way, people will be less likely to miss messages sent on another platform. Second, you should get in the habit of seeking and providing clarification for anything that could be potentially misinterpreted.In addition, if there are some colleagues that work in the office while you work remotely, you should have someone in the office to update you on anything important that might have been said informally.4. Loss of Productivity Due to DistractionsI mentioned earlier that working remotely helps increase productivity by reducing distractions from colleagues.Sometimes, however, working from home might also have its own share of distractions that you wouldn’t encounter at the office.A neighbor might be playing excessively loud music, there might a very interesting program on the TV, a friend might drop by unannounced, or if you don’t live alone, family members might make it hard for you to concentrate on your work.This is especially true when you have small kids in the house. Small kids might not understand that you have to work and are not available for play.They will keep interrupting you and make it almost impossible for you to get anything done.How to Deal With Distractions at HomeWhile it is impossible to avoid all distractions, there are some strategies that you can still use to minimize distractions while working from home. These include:Set up a home office: This is the best way to minimize distractions. If you work from the couch or the kitchen, it can be quite a challenge keeping your family members from disturbing you while you work. If you have a home office, however, they will understand that you are in work mode and are not to be disturbed. You can even lock the door to ensure kids do not come barging in and distracting you.Have a signal to let others know you are in work mode: If you do not have a dedicated home of fice space and have to work from a shared space, have a signal that let’s your family members know that you are busy and are not to be disturbed. This could be something like putting on your headphones, placing a “do not disturb” sign on the kitchen/bedroom door, and so on.Get childcare: If you have very young kids, it is essential for you to get someone to care for the child, because it will be impossible for you to work when the child needs your attention.Explain to your family members that you need to concentrate: If your kids are older or if you have your spouse in the house with you, let them know that it is absolutely important for you to concentrate and that they should not disturb you. Have them find something to occupy themselves with while you are working.Find somewhere else to work: If it becomes utterly impossible for you to avoid distractions while working from home, find a place with less distractions to work from, such as the library or a co-working space.WRAPPI NG UPWhile the trend of working remotely is increasingly becoming very popular, it is not without its challenges.The four major challenges experienced by those working remotely are working too much, lack of community and social interaction, breakdown of communication and loss of productivity because of distractions.Despite these pitfalls, working remotely can be very rewarding, and the good thing is, we have already shown you how to overcome them.All you need to do now is to follow the tips shared above to enjoy the awesome benefits of working remotely.

Introduction. People With Mental Illness Are At An Increased

Introduction: People with mental illness are at an increased risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes than the general population (Happell, Stanton, Hoey, Scott, 2014). A study conducted by Bartlem et al. (2015), observed health risk behaviours that contribute to chronic disease amongst individuals with a mental illness and if they had an interest in changing them. The study focused on community mental health services and how health care providers can improve their care and implement preventative measures. The guidelines used for this critique are from the textbook written by Polit Beck (2014). Title: The study title is â€Å" Chronic disease health risk behaviours amongst people with a mental illness†. The title does not†¦show more content†¦The literature used referenced to three articles written before 2005, 13 articles written between 2005 to 2010 and 11 articles written after 2010. The range of articles used helps back up the study’s ideas and credibility, however a large percentage of the articles used could be considered outdated. The problem is clearly stated that further research is required to understand the level of interest in changing health risk behaviours. By doing so nurses and other health care professionals can gain an understanding of a clients interest and help them make beneficial changes. It can also be used to implement preventative care interventions that can be taught to clients to improve health risk behaviours. A Quantitative study is the best approach to solving this problem because the amount of clients interested can be counted. Method: The purpose of the study was to observe the correlation between mental health illnesses and participation in health risk behaviours. It is also to understand clients willingness to change their health risk behaviours. The study was a cross sectional survey which is an appropriate choice. The study is non-experimental research because the researchers did not provide interventions for any of the four modifiable health risk behaviours. The study sought out ethical approval from Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee and the University ofShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Mental Illness1412 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There can be no gainsaying as to the fact that the problem of providing adequate mental care for mentally ill citizens is not new (Turnquist, n.d). As a matter of fact, according to the Center for Social Studies Associate Laboratory (2010), mental illness has always necessitated a challenge with regard to the society’s capacity to not only integrate such individuals, but also provide care to them. 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I will examine this agency and its policies, including its social agency history, mission, money stream, purpose, budget, overall purpose

How to Study for a Social Science Test

When you study for a test in one of the social sciences, like history, government, anthropology, economics, and sociology, you must keep in mind that three things are important. You must understand the vocabulary of your discipline.You must understand the concepts you encounter in each segment of your study.You must understand the significance of each concept. Students are sometimes frustrated after an exam in the social sciences because they feel they prepared adequately but discovered during the exam that their efforts didnt seem to make a difference at all. The reason this happens is because students prepare for one or two of the items above, but they dont prepare for all three. Common Mistakes When Studying Social Science Vocabulary   The most common mistake students make is studying the vocabulary alone - or mixing concepts in with vocabulary. There is a big difference! To understand this, you can think of your material as a batch of cookies that you need to prepare. The vocabulary words are the ingredients, like sugar, flour, and eggs.Each individual concept is a cookie. Each looks a little different from the others, but each one stands alone as important.Altogether, the cookies make up a batch. You must create an entire batch of comprehension when you study for an exam in social science; you cant stop with a collection of ingredients! Here is why this is so important: Vocabulary words show up as short answer or fill-in-the-blank questions. Concepts often show up as multiple choice questions and essay questions. Treat your vocabulary as a set of ingredients for understanding the concepts. Use flashcards to memorize your vocabulary, but remember that to fully understand your vocabulary definitions, you must also understand how they fit into the larger concepts. Example: Imagine that you are preparing for a political science test. A few vocabulary words are a candidate, vote, and nominate. You must understand these individually before you can understand the concept of an election cycle. Studying in Stages The bottom line for preparing for a test in any social science is that you must study in stages. Practice vocabulary, but also study concepts and understand how different vocabulary words fit into each concept. Your concepts will also fit into a greater collection of knowledge (batch), like a specific historical period (Progressive Era) or a certain government type (dictatorship). The concepts you study are as individual as your vocabulary words, but it will take time and practice to recognize concepts as entities because the lines can be somewhat blurred. Why? The idea of a single vote (vocabulary word) is pretty clear cut. The idea of a dictatorship? That can be defined as many things. It can be a country with a dictator or a country with a very strong leader who demonstrates unchallenged authority, or it can even be an office that holds control over an entire government. Actually, the term is used to define an entity (like a company) that is controlled by one person or one office. See how blurred the concept can become? To summarize, any time you study for a social science test, you must go back and forth studying vocabulary, studying concepts, and studying how those concepts fit into the overall theme or time period. To study effectively for a social science exam, you must give yourself at least three days of study. You can use your time wisely and gain a full understanding of both terminology and concepts by using a method called  3 Way 3 Day study technique.

Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner Free Essays

I am doing this HR course to further my career at work. I am supervisor. I am involved in HR in my job, as we do not have an HR department. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner or any similar topic only for you Order Now I work with my Manager at present to help conduct annual appraisals, disciplinary procedures and inductions. I have also been involved with redundancies. We are a medium sized company, which has expanded since I joined in 2000 but as we are growing we feel the need to have 1 person to take on the HR role so that all staff have someone official that they can go to with any problems that they may have. HRPM: this is an easy to use table containing behaviours, professional areas and bands of competence. It allows users to assess their capability in the HR role they have chosen – whether it is general or specialist. The two core professional areas are insights, strategies solutions and leading HR. As an example of insights in my role at work there are quite a few members of staff who are nearing retirement age and will retire within around two years of each other so we will be losing all the experience and knowledge that they bring to their roles within the business whether that be manufacturing cables or within our quality assurance department, So I have suggested that we employ younger people who we can train working closely with these people so that their knowledge can be passed on. This has been proven to work as we have two members of staff who joined us around 6 years ago straight from school and are some of our best operators as we have trained them in the way we work. The core of the map is about developing an understanding of the organisation that the user is working in, clerk of the works, contracts manager, and architect. Performance and reward – this allows individuals within a work place to use their own skills, behaviours and experience by using a reward scheme such as bonuses. Learning and Development: Build individual and organisational capability and knowledge to meet current requirements – in many industries it is necessary to train an re-train employees as companies become more diverse to keep up with competitors for example, at my place of work we are starting to build completely different types of cable harnesses to what we would have been building one year ago so there is a lot of re-training required for all shop floor staff. Band 1 of the HRPM is most essential in the company I work for, as it is customer orientated. When I am doing the HR role full time my main customers will be shop floor staff although I will be working for others such as Engineers, Our Receptionist and the Managing Director. There are 8 behaviours on the HRPM. Curious: This person is open minded and focused on the future of the business they are in, inquisitive and is always thinking of ways to add to their organisation, focused on the future of the business they are in and is always thinking of ways to add value to their organisation. Decisive Thinker: This person takes in data and information and is a fast learner. They use the information they receive in a structured way to identify options and make recommendations. Skilled Influencer: This person can influence stakeholders to gain commitment and support within the company/industry they work within. Personally Credible: This person uses professionalism to bring value to the whole company they work in including stakeholders and peers. Collaborative: This person works very well with other people within and outside of work. Driven To Deliver: This person is determined and resourceful and uses these skills to deliver the best results for their company. Courage To Challenge: This person will speak up for what they believe in even if confontated with resistance and unfamiliar circumstances. Role Model: This person always leads by example, has integrity and independence and balances personal organisational and legal matters very well. Activity 2 In my HR role, I have 4 main customers. These are shop floor staff which includes inductions for new members off staff, Engineers and Our Receptionist. Shop floor staff: I sit in on (and will conduct) appraisals. We have a written assessment, which the shop floor staff must fill out before attending the appraisal. This includes questions about personal development. In the appraisal we discuss the types of work they would like to do in the future, any pay/skills upgrades they may be getting and when they can expect to get them by. We also discuss any problems they may be having although we always encourage them to come to us (our manager, the other shop floor supervisor or myself) with any problems as they come up rather than waiting for the appraisal. The shop floor manager currently  conducts the appraisals and I sit in on them and take notes then type up all the outcomes of the appraisal with a copy to be given to the employee. I conduct Return To Work interviews for employees who have had any unauthorised absence(s). This is conducted using a form with set questions asked and recorded by my-self about the nature of the absence. The Employee and myself then sign it and it is then scanned into their personnel file. I have sat in on and taken the minutes for redundancy meetings. I have had a limited role in these. As well as taking minutes, I am there for moral support, as I know all of our employees personally due to My job as a supervisor and the number of years I have worked there. Engineers: When I am a full time HR practitioner, I will be able to support the engineers with any problems they may have with other members of staff such as conflicts about the way the engineers plan jobs and the way they are actually built on the shop floor. This can be an issue for both the engineers and shop floor staff as the engineers quote the times for each job but they are not always accurate so this means that the shop floor staff may appear to not build cables in the allocated time. New Employees: I will be conducting all inductions for new Employees – This includes a walk around the factory introducing them to key members of staff such as our other supervisor, first aid, fire marshals and the other members of staff who they will be working closest with. I will also show them the fire exits, evacuation points and show them the fireboard with everybody’s names on. I will tell them when the fire alarm is tested and register them on out hand scanner, which clocks everyone in and out of the building and is also used for payroll. I will show them where the toilets are and what times their breaks and lunch breaks are. New Employees have to read our health and safety handbook thoroughly. Conflicting Needs: I prioritise these by consulting with my manager and shop floor staff so that I am able to decide what to deal with first. For example, I would deal with a conflict between two or more employees by speaking to them separately away from their normal work environment and if appropriate, I would get them together to talk about the problem. This would take priority over an appraisal or other day-to-day activity. Communication: I use email to communicate at work. The advantage of this is that everything that is said between Myself and the person I am communicating with is in writing and can be referred back to if necessary. The disadvantage of this is that if it is something urgent, the person I am communicating with may not see the email straight away, as many members of staff are not desk bound. Verbal communication: this has the advantage of getting the message across immediately and being able to get an instant reaction both verbally and assessing through their body language. The disadvantage of this is that you would not be able to accurately refer back to the conversation at a later date, as verbal conversations are not always accurately remembered. Printed memo: I use these to communicate anything I need to tell the whole shop floor as they do not have access to email in their workplace. The advantage of this is that I can carefully think about and word the memo exactly how I want it to be put across. It is also good because it is in writing and can be referred back to at a later date. The disadvantage is that I cant always get an instant reaction to it as everyone gets it at the same time so will not necessarily inform me of any feedback unless I ask them. An example of all the above methods of communication is that when we unfortunately had to make redundancies some time ago, there was a memo given to every member of staff from their manager to let them know that everyone was at risk of being made redundant. My Manager and I then had to liase with our legal specialists via telephone and by e-mail. We then sat with each individual and let him or  her know if they were being made redundant or not. We felt that sitting down with everyone individually, they would be able to speak about any concerns they had whether they were being made redundant or not. How to cite ï » ¿Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner, Papers

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. Answer: Introduction Positive accounting research is one of the most debatable topics, and this article intends to focus on the human attributes that is directly associated with the utilization of hypothesis and statistical methodologies. In relation to the implementation of the positive accounting research, this article sheds light on the theory of knowledge, and the obstacles of the statistical methodologies like imperfect reproduction in order to establish effective confidence due to low-interest levels in the numerical specifications, model development on an informal basis, etc. On a whole, this article aims to highlight the significant points that result in insufficiencies, thereby, in turn, offering several substitutes that can assist in creating an effective positive accounting research. Hence, the main aspect of the article is to provide a strong balance to the research so that a strong policy can be formulated. No concept is devoid of limitations, the best way to boost the concept is to enhance the knowledge with newer ideologies. This paper begins with a proper assessment of human beings wherein their various traits in the distinct environment is taken into account. In addition, several other prospects that play a key role in affecting the reason making ability is also taken into consideration. Moreover, it can also be witnessed that the acts and practices are altogether affected by an infinite number of factors. It does not operate on its own rather influenced by various factors that have a major role to play. With the help of this article, the difference of human behavior in two different scenarios can be observed. Besides, this is the key aspect of research in the positive accounting (Davila Foster, 2007). It can be witnessed that an enlightened perspective affects a human being, and their reaction is entirely based on the scenario. Nevertheless, such behavior is observable in more than seventy percent of the situation. The reason why there is a drastic decline in human beings interaction is due to a technicality in accounting and its operations. Besides, there is a system, which controls everything, and hence, the reliance is primarily based on the system, thereby resulting in generating difficulties in determining the reasonable human objectives. The objectives are guided by several systems and subsystem. Nevertheless, this is because several perspectives influence such human behavior (Davila Foster, 2007). In other words, the behavior of humans is influenced by several prospects, thereby making it problematic to be adjudged. Therefore, the presumption taken into account plays a key role in disqualifying the positive accounting research in order to make an effective contribution towards the society. Moreover, the outcomes together with anticipations are also relevant. Therefore, this article intends to develop the research efficiency by offering various suggestions regarding positive research. The suggestions are provided for the benefits of the theory and ensure that the research is successful. Besides, several illustrations are considered by considering different models of research. Both the hypothesis and statistical methodologies are required to assess different scenarios, and the procedure of auditors reaction that is associated with the presumption of reasonableness (Dunmore, 2007). Hence, if the procedure is correct and reasonable then it is easy to conduct the research and derive at a course of an action. Further, the outcome of hypothesis aligns with the samples opted, and therefore, ultimate targets become unattainable. Ultimately, this article sheds light on the undetermined relationship by considering two different variables, but require more instead. Therefore, the key need is to assess the theories that play with each other, as opposed to evaluating a methodology for the hypothesis. It is, therefore, significant to evaluate distinct theories or methodologies so that it can highlight the present practice. This article intends to highlight a developed model and the methods must be effective enough to make the testing accurate. Accurate testing is the need of the hour because such a testing helps in making effective decisions. Models that lack the concept of effectiveness are unable to ensure a better place. This, in turn, leads to a better practice (Markarian, 2007). Furthermore, such testing must be free from biases and errors in order to make the model more effective. Connections of a more dependable nature must also be framed with proxies so that it can result in a determination of measurable strategies. Therefore, this clearly depicts that research paper plays a key role in emphasizing not only upon the hypothesis concepts but also upon an effective situation for the anticipation of parameters (Dunmore, 2007). Thus, development of innovative methodologies is relevant to ensure an enhanced research operation. Besides, this can result in a more enhanced outcome if substantial replica s that can align with the efficiency of the measurement play a key role in leading towards the analysis of the limitations or restrictions of the research. The evaluation of positive accounting research is the major question of research, and whether any strategies are prevalent, that can enable the performance of an auditor or accountant. Yet, it is vulnerable to several attackers. This means the entire concept is not free to operate rather various factors plays a predominant role. The hypothesis is examined by taking samples of audit fees that are liable to be charged, against the size of firm and complexity of audit procedure. This is a quantitative research that takes into account procedures of changeability of audit fees, thereby illustrating several policies, and use of methodologies of regression (Dahmash et. al, 2009). This model is prevalent to track the type I error, but it is notable that both testing and hypothesis cannot be perfect. The main aim of the hypothesis is to illustrate that nil hypothesis is imperfect as the outcomes are associated with the sample. The sample determines the real nature of the hypothesis. Therefore , it is clear that hypothesis testing plays a key role in offering an inappropriate proof in the scenario of the hypothesis of substitute nature. On a whole, the value of hypothesis is irrelevant in relation to positive accounting research (Kealey, 2007). Therefore, after taking into due consideration the research and other materials, it can be stated that this article primarily intends to focus on positive accounting research, and the literature review assists in finding whether such research can procure the prime objectives and goals. In addition, this research also relies on several models and factors (Antle et. al, 2006). Overall, the main aim of the article is to shed light on the concept of positive accounting research and ensure a practice that will be highly effective in the scenario. Theoretical framework There are various regulations in an auditing and accounting practice that are called accounting standards, or regulatory and taxation requirements, and compliance of these is significant to establish a constant framework of operations. Therefore, since these adherences to various rules and regulations are crucial, it facilitates in establishing a stagnant framework of operations but it must be noted that no relevant materials are disregarded in this process (Ashton et. al, 2004). However, auditors fail to adhere to such requirements, and these are established to interpret the causes for such differences. Several factors play a role in ascertaining these variations in anticipated action, like human traits that offer the reasonableness and independence of imagination of every performing individual. Moreover, biases and errors generate as such independence marks create a pattern and operate with preconceptions. Nevertheless, such trends can play a key role in altering the designed course of action (Tinker, 1982). For this article, such mentioned behaviors are a significant material and these can be investigated in order to prevent it from influencing the framework. A sample size is taken into account while working with a hypothesis, with a presumption that it highlights the population as a whole. Therefore, all possibilities must be carefully considered and misrepresentation can be framed after considering one item as a sample from every type, in order to make this measure to operate effectively. This can assist in avoiding checking off every kind, thereby depicting an aggregate crosscheck betwixt various scenarios. Nonetheless, utilization of one method cannot assure an appropriate outcome because every statistical measure is oppressed with its own restrictions and the qualitative investigation is not conducted. Furthermore, a single scenario can be taken into due consideration through a hypothesis, in contrast to an audit that can have more (Ittner et. al, 2003). Therefore, although being simple, an audit process can have many variables, that are very significant. Thus, since hypothesis takes into due consideration only a single variable, a point of concern arises, thereby creating a situation of making the research distorted in nature. Importance and limitations With the assistance of this article, various relevant points of discussion arise because of several flaws in the current system. Therefore, such research is crucial to establish a path for enhancements in the system. The research will enable the system to have a proper balance and leads to a strong practice. Moreover, as per studies, it has been shown that human behavior is generally reasonable in nature, and it attempts to enhance the advantages of a scenario (Hay et. al, 2006). Besides, this article also has its disadvantages. Firstly, it primarily concentrates on a vital part of the thesis, and it could offer better suggestions together with illustrations to enhance the efficiency of the research. It means the research can be optimized through various ways. Furthermore, this article primarily takes the present theories to be efficiently true in nature and implements such theories (Hogget et. al, 2012). However, in reality, such theories have developed over due passage of time, and have not been examined since then. Hence, the part of the examination is missing and does not provide adequate back up (Choi et. al, 2009). This, in turn, lessens the importance of the concept. Therefore, such enhancements are a clear proof that developments are in fact still incurring in this operation. However, such advancements are very crucial in relation to such theories because it can play a key role in restricting these limitations, and it cannot be done if the level of st udy and research is not enhanced. Various statistical measures can play a key role in representing distinct outcomes and since, accounting is a prime subject with innumerable limitations and variables, the errors of measurement must be given due consideration. It must be provided adequate emphasis so that a better stand could be taken. Furthermore, considering an effective representation of samples is equally crucial because it must shed light on a virtuous picture as much as possible of the complete population (Fogarty Markarian, 2007). However, making a judgment of an entire population through a sample can have its own disadvantages and restrictions, and that must be taken due care of prior to evaluating the required outcomes. On a whole, this is one of the prime disadvantages that must be given due consideration as the sample may fail to depict the real nature of the population, thereby failing to offer an effective piece of information. If the information is ineffective in nature it will destroy the effectivenes s of the result. Conclusion With the help of this article, it can be clearly understood that the intensity of the present research of accounting is insufficient in nature, and has failed to procure the same to operate it. Therefore, this generates an immediate requirement to undertake a more systematic and strong approach that is also incorporated with methodological measures. Moreover, analytical models and unguarded models are the key way towards progress with more rigorous examination and re-examination that can be attained by replication, thereby playing a key role in offering several positive or effective outcomes for the accounting research. The curbs and other limitations of this field can be used to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, the different opportunities that are generated through this research can be utilized in order establish a more rigorous and theoretically appropriate framework (Humphrey, 2008). Moreover, since new and innovative methodologies have been developing with the due passage of time, these can play a key role in enhancing the validity and importance of such research, thereby granting it the potential to align freely to fresh scenarios. On a whole, this methodology of positive accounting research must have to proceed with the due passage of time. References Antle, R., Gordon, E., Narayanamoorthy, G., Zhou, L 2006, The joint de-termination of audit fees, non-audit fees, and abnormal accruals, Review of Quantitative Finance Accounting vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 235-266 Ashton, D., Dunmore, P., Tippett, M., 2004, Double entry bookkeeping and the distributional properties of a financial ratios, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 583-606. Choi, J.H., Kim, J.B., Liu, X., Simunic, D. A., 2009, Cross-listing audit fee premiums: Theory and evidence, The Accounting Review vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1429- 1463. Dahmash, F. N., Durand, R. B.,Watson, J., 2009, The value relevance and re- liability of reported goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, The British Accounting Review vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 120- 137. Davila, A Foster, G., 2007, Management control systems in early-stage startup companies, The Accounting Review vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 907- 937. Dunmore, P.V 2009, Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand Fogarty, T. J., Markarian, G 2007, An empirical assessment of the rise and fall of accounting as an academic discipline, Issues in Accounting Education vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 137161 Francis, J. R., 2006, Are auditors compromised by nonaudit services? Assessing the evidence, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 747- 760. Hay, D. C., Knechel, W. R., Wong, N., 2006, Audit fees: A meta-analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no.2, pp. 141- 191. Hogget, J., Edwards, L., Medlin, C Tiling, M 2012, Financial accounting, 8th edition, John Wiley Humphrey, C., 2008, Auditing research: A review across the disciplinary Divide, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 170- 203. Ittner, C. D., Larcker, D. F., Meyer, M. W., 2003, Subjectivity and the weighting of performance measures: Evidence from a balanced scorecard, The Accounting Review vol.78, no. 3, pp. 725-758. Kealey, B. T., Lee, H. Y., Stein, M. T., 2007, The association between audit- tenure and audit fees paid to successor auditors: Evidence from Arthur Andersen, Auditing vol.26, no. 2, pp. 95-116. Tinker, T, B. Merino, Neimark M 1982, The Normative Origins of Positive Theories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations and Society vol. 2, pp. 167200.