Introduction. People With Mental Illness Are At An Increased

Introduction: People with mental illness are at an increased risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes than the general population (Happell, Stanton, Hoey, Scott, 2014). A study conducted by Bartlem et al. (2015), observed health risk behaviours that contribute to chronic disease amongst individuals with a mental illness and if they had an interest in changing them. The study focused on community mental health services and how health care providers can improve their care and implement preventative measures. The guidelines used for this critique are from the textbook written by Polit Beck (2014). Title: The study title is â€Å" Chronic disease health risk behaviours amongst people with a mental illness†. The title does not†¦show more content†¦The literature used referenced to three articles written before 2005, 13 articles written between 2005 to 2010 and 11 articles written after 2010. The range of articles used helps back up the study’s ideas and credibility, however a large percentage of the articles used could be considered outdated. The problem is clearly stated that further research is required to understand the level of interest in changing health risk behaviours. By doing so nurses and other health care professionals can gain an understanding of a clients interest and help them make beneficial changes. It can also be used to implement preventative care interventions that can be taught to clients to improve health risk behaviours. A Quantitative study is the best approach to solving this problem because the amount of clients interested can be counted. Method: The purpose of the study was to observe the correlation between mental health illnesses and participation in health risk behaviours. It is also to understand clients willingness to change their health risk behaviours. The study was a cross sectional survey which is an appropriate choice. 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I will examine this agency and its policies, including its social agency history, mission, money stream, purpose, budget, overall purpose

How to Study for a Social Science Test

When you study for a test in one of the social sciences, like history, government, anthropology, economics, and sociology, you must keep in mind that three things are important. You must understand the vocabulary of your discipline.You must understand the concepts you encounter in each segment of your study.You must understand the significance of each concept. Students are sometimes frustrated after an exam in the social sciences because they feel they prepared adequately but discovered during the exam that their efforts didnt seem to make a difference at all. The reason this happens is because students prepare for one or two of the items above, but they dont prepare for all three. Common Mistakes When Studying Social Science Vocabulary   The most common mistake students make is studying the vocabulary alone - or mixing concepts in with vocabulary. There is a big difference! To understand this, you can think of your material as a batch of cookies that you need to prepare. The vocabulary words are the ingredients, like sugar, flour, and eggs.Each individual concept is a cookie. Each looks a little different from the others, but each one stands alone as important.Altogether, the cookies make up a batch. You must create an entire batch of comprehension when you study for an exam in social science; you cant stop with a collection of ingredients! Here is why this is so important: Vocabulary words show up as short answer or fill-in-the-blank questions. Concepts often show up as multiple choice questions and essay questions. Treat your vocabulary as a set of ingredients for understanding the concepts. Use flashcards to memorize your vocabulary, but remember that to fully understand your vocabulary definitions, you must also understand how they fit into the larger concepts. Example: Imagine that you are preparing for a political science test. A few vocabulary words are a candidate, vote, and nominate. You must understand these individually before you can understand the concept of an election cycle. Studying in Stages The bottom line for preparing for a test in any social science is that you must study in stages. Practice vocabulary, but also study concepts and understand how different vocabulary words fit into each concept. Your concepts will also fit into a greater collection of knowledge (batch), like a specific historical period (Progressive Era) or a certain government type (dictatorship). The concepts you study are as individual as your vocabulary words, but it will take time and practice to recognize concepts as entities because the lines can be somewhat blurred. Why? The idea of a single vote (vocabulary word) is pretty clear cut. The idea of a dictatorship? That can be defined as many things. It can be a country with a dictator or a country with a very strong leader who demonstrates unchallenged authority, or it can even be an office that holds control over an entire government. Actually, the term is used to define an entity (like a company) that is controlled by one person or one office. See how blurred the concept can become? To summarize, any time you study for a social science test, you must go back and forth studying vocabulary, studying concepts, and studying how those concepts fit into the overall theme or time period. To study effectively for a social science exam, you must give yourself at least three days of study. You can use your time wisely and gain a full understanding of both terminology and concepts by using a method called  3 Way 3 Day study technique.

Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner Free Essays

I am doing this HR course to further my career at work. I am supervisor. I am involved in HR in my job, as we do not have an HR department. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner or any similar topic only for you Order Now I work with my Manager at present to help conduct annual appraisals, disciplinary procedures and inductions. I have also been involved with redundancies. We are a medium sized company, which has expanded since I joined in 2000 but as we are growing we feel the need to have 1 person to take on the HR role so that all staff have someone official that they can go to with any problems that they may have. HRPM: this is an easy to use table containing behaviours, professional areas and bands of competence. It allows users to assess their capability in the HR role they have chosen – whether it is general or specialist. The two core professional areas are insights, strategies solutions and leading HR. As an example of insights in my role at work there are quite a few members of staff who are nearing retirement age and will retire within around two years of each other so we will be losing all the experience and knowledge that they bring to their roles within the business whether that be manufacturing cables or within our quality assurance department, So I have suggested that we employ younger people who we can train working closely with these people so that their knowledge can be passed on. This has been proven to work as we have two members of staff who joined us around 6 years ago straight from school and are some of our best operators as we have trained them in the way we work. The core of the map is about developing an understanding of the organisation that the user is working in, clerk of the works, contracts manager, and architect. Performance and reward – this allows individuals within a work place to use their own skills, behaviours and experience by using a reward scheme such as bonuses. Learning and Development: Build individual and organisational capability and knowledge to meet current requirements – in many industries it is necessary to train an re-train employees as companies become more diverse to keep up with competitors for example, at my place of work we are starting to build completely different types of cable harnesses to what we would have been building one year ago so there is a lot of re-training required for all shop floor staff. Band 1 of the HRPM is most essential in the company I work for, as it is customer orientated. When I am doing the HR role full time my main customers will be shop floor staff although I will be working for others such as Engineers, Our Receptionist and the Managing Director. There are 8 behaviours on the HRPM. Curious: This person is open minded and focused on the future of the business they are in, inquisitive and is always thinking of ways to add to their organisation, focused on the future of the business they are in and is always thinking of ways to add value to their organisation. Decisive Thinker: This person takes in data and information and is a fast learner. They use the information they receive in a structured way to identify options and make recommendations. Skilled Influencer: This person can influence stakeholders to gain commitment and support within the company/industry they work within. Personally Credible: This person uses professionalism to bring value to the whole company they work in including stakeholders and peers. Collaborative: This person works very well with other people within and outside of work. Driven To Deliver: This person is determined and resourceful and uses these skills to deliver the best results for their company. Courage To Challenge: This person will speak up for what they believe in even if confontated with resistance and unfamiliar circumstances. Role Model: This person always leads by example, has integrity and independence and balances personal organisational and legal matters very well. Activity 2 In my HR role, I have 4 main customers. These are shop floor staff which includes inductions for new members off staff, Engineers and Our Receptionist. Shop floor staff: I sit in on (and will conduct) appraisals. We have a written assessment, which the shop floor staff must fill out before attending the appraisal. This includes questions about personal development. In the appraisal we discuss the types of work they would like to do in the future, any pay/skills upgrades they may be getting and when they can expect to get them by. We also discuss any problems they may be having although we always encourage them to come to us (our manager, the other shop floor supervisor or myself) with any problems as they come up rather than waiting for the appraisal. The shop floor manager currently  conducts the appraisals and I sit in on them and take notes then type up all the outcomes of the appraisal with a copy to be given to the employee. I conduct Return To Work interviews for employees who have had any unauthorised absence(s). This is conducted using a form with set questions asked and recorded by my-self about the nature of the absence. The Employee and myself then sign it and it is then scanned into their personnel file. I have sat in on and taken the minutes for redundancy meetings. I have had a limited role in these. As well as taking minutes, I am there for moral support, as I know all of our employees personally due to My job as a supervisor and the number of years I have worked there. Engineers: When I am a full time HR practitioner, I will be able to support the engineers with any problems they may have with other members of staff such as conflicts about the way the engineers plan jobs and the way they are actually built on the shop floor. This can be an issue for both the engineers and shop floor staff as the engineers quote the times for each job but they are not always accurate so this means that the shop floor staff may appear to not build cables in the allocated time. New Employees: I will be conducting all inductions for new Employees – This includes a walk around the factory introducing them to key members of staff such as our other supervisor, first aid, fire marshals and the other members of staff who they will be working closest with. I will also show them the fire exits, evacuation points and show them the fireboard with everybody’s names on. I will tell them when the fire alarm is tested and register them on out hand scanner, which clocks everyone in and out of the building and is also used for payroll. I will show them where the toilets are and what times their breaks and lunch breaks are. New Employees have to read our health and safety handbook thoroughly. Conflicting Needs: I prioritise these by consulting with my manager and shop floor staff so that I am able to decide what to deal with first. For example, I would deal with a conflict between two or more employees by speaking to them separately away from their normal work environment and if appropriate, I would get them together to talk about the problem. This would take priority over an appraisal or other day-to-day activity. Communication: I use email to communicate at work. The advantage of this is that everything that is said between Myself and the person I am communicating with is in writing and can be referred back to if necessary. The disadvantage of this is that if it is something urgent, the person I am communicating with may not see the email straight away, as many members of staff are not desk bound. Verbal communication: this has the advantage of getting the message across immediately and being able to get an instant reaction both verbally and assessing through their body language. The disadvantage of this is that you would not be able to accurately refer back to the conversation at a later date, as verbal conversations are not always accurately remembered. Printed memo: I use these to communicate anything I need to tell the whole shop floor as they do not have access to email in their workplace. The advantage of this is that I can carefully think about and word the memo exactly how I want it to be put across. It is also good because it is in writing and can be referred back to at a later date. The disadvantage is that I cant always get an instant reaction to it as everyone gets it at the same time so will not necessarily inform me of any feedback unless I ask them. An example of all the above methods of communication is that when we unfortunately had to make redundancies some time ago, there was a memo given to every member of staff from their manager to let them know that everyone was at risk of being made redundant. My Manager and I then had to liase with our legal specialists via telephone and by e-mail. We then sat with each individual and let him or  her know if they were being made redundant or not. We felt that sitting down with everyone individually, they would be able to speak about any concerns they had whether they were being made redundant or not. How to cite ï » ¿Developing Yourself As An Effective HR Practitioner, Papers

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. Answer: Introduction Positive accounting research is one of the most debatable topics, and this article intends to focus on the human attributes that is directly associated with the utilization of hypothesis and statistical methodologies. In relation to the implementation of the positive accounting research, this article sheds light on the theory of knowledge, and the obstacles of the statistical methodologies like imperfect reproduction in order to establish effective confidence due to low-interest levels in the numerical specifications, model development on an informal basis, etc. On a whole, this article aims to highlight the significant points that result in insufficiencies, thereby, in turn, offering several substitutes that can assist in creating an effective positive accounting research. Hence, the main aspect of the article is to provide a strong balance to the research so that a strong policy can be formulated. No concept is devoid of limitations, the best way to boost the concept is to enhance the knowledge with newer ideologies. This paper begins with a proper assessment of human beings wherein their various traits in the distinct environment is taken into account. In addition, several other prospects that play a key role in affecting the reason making ability is also taken into consideration. Moreover, it can also be witnessed that the acts and practices are altogether affected by an infinite number of factors. It does not operate on its own rather influenced by various factors that have a major role to play. With the help of this article, the difference of human behavior in two different scenarios can be observed. Besides, this is the key aspect of research in the positive accounting (Davila Foster, 2007). It can be witnessed that an enlightened perspective affects a human being, and their reaction is entirely based on the scenario. Nevertheless, such behavior is observable in more than seventy percent of the situation. The reason why there is a drastic decline in human beings interaction is due to a technicality in accounting and its operations. Besides, there is a system, which controls everything, and hence, the reliance is primarily based on the system, thereby resulting in generating difficulties in determining the reasonable human objectives. The objectives are guided by several systems and subsystem. Nevertheless, this is because several perspectives influence such human behavior (Davila Foster, 2007). In other words, the behavior of humans is influenced by several prospects, thereby making it problematic to be adjudged. Therefore, the presumption taken into account plays a key role in disqualifying the positive accounting research in order to make an effective contribution towards the society. Moreover, the outcomes together with anticipations are also relevant. Therefore, this article intends to develop the research efficiency by offering various suggestions regarding positive research. The suggestions are provided for the benefits of the theory and ensure that the research is successful. Besides, several illustrations are considered by considering different models of research. Both the hypothesis and statistical methodologies are required to assess different scenarios, and the procedure of auditors reaction that is associated with the presumption of reasonableness (Dunmore, 2007). Hence, if the procedure is correct and reasonable then it is easy to conduct the research and derive at a course of an action. Further, the outcome of hypothesis aligns with the samples opted, and therefore, ultimate targets become unattainable. Ultimately, this article sheds light on the undetermined relationship by considering two different variables, but require more instead. Therefore, the key need is to assess the theories that play with each other, as opposed to evaluating a methodology for the hypothesis. It is, therefore, significant to evaluate distinct theories or methodologies so that it can highlight the present practice. This article intends to highlight a developed model and the methods must be effective enough to make the testing accurate. Accurate testing is the need of the hour because such a testing helps in making effective decisions. Models that lack the concept of effectiveness are unable to ensure a better place. This, in turn, leads to a better practice (Markarian, 2007). Furthermore, such testing must be free from biases and errors in order to make the model more effective. Connections of a more dependable nature must also be framed with proxies so that it can result in a determination of measurable strategies. Therefore, this clearly depicts that research paper plays a key role in emphasizing not only upon the hypothesis concepts but also upon an effective situation for the anticipation of parameters (Dunmore, 2007). Thus, development of innovative methodologies is relevant to ensure an enhanced research operation. Besides, this can result in a more enhanced outcome if substantial replica s that can align with the efficiency of the measurement play a key role in leading towards the analysis of the limitations or restrictions of the research. The evaluation of positive accounting research is the major question of research, and whether any strategies are prevalent, that can enable the performance of an auditor or accountant. Yet, it is vulnerable to several attackers. This means the entire concept is not free to operate rather various factors plays a predominant role. The hypothesis is examined by taking samples of audit fees that are liable to be charged, against the size of firm and complexity of audit procedure. This is a quantitative research that takes into account procedures of changeability of audit fees, thereby illustrating several policies, and use of methodologies of regression (Dahmash et. al, 2009). This model is prevalent to track the type I error, but it is notable that both testing and hypothesis cannot be perfect. The main aim of the hypothesis is to illustrate that nil hypothesis is imperfect as the outcomes are associated with the sample. The sample determines the real nature of the hypothesis. Therefore , it is clear that hypothesis testing plays a key role in offering an inappropriate proof in the scenario of the hypothesis of substitute nature. On a whole, the value of hypothesis is irrelevant in relation to positive accounting research (Kealey, 2007). Therefore, after taking into due consideration the research and other materials, it can be stated that this article primarily intends to focus on positive accounting research, and the literature review assists in finding whether such research can procure the prime objectives and goals. In addition, this research also relies on several models and factors (Antle et. al, 2006). Overall, the main aim of the article is to shed light on the concept of positive accounting research and ensure a practice that will be highly effective in the scenario. Theoretical framework There are various regulations in an auditing and accounting practice that are called accounting standards, or regulatory and taxation requirements, and compliance of these is significant to establish a constant framework of operations. Therefore, since these adherences to various rules and regulations are crucial, it facilitates in establishing a stagnant framework of operations but it must be noted that no relevant materials are disregarded in this process (Ashton et. al, 2004). However, auditors fail to adhere to such requirements, and these are established to interpret the causes for such differences. Several factors play a role in ascertaining these variations in anticipated action, like human traits that offer the reasonableness and independence of imagination of every performing individual. Moreover, biases and errors generate as such independence marks create a pattern and operate with preconceptions. Nevertheless, such trends can play a key role in altering the designed course of action (Tinker, 1982). For this article, such mentioned behaviors are a significant material and these can be investigated in order to prevent it from influencing the framework. A sample size is taken into account while working with a hypothesis, with a presumption that it highlights the population as a whole. Therefore, all possibilities must be carefully considered and misrepresentation can be framed after considering one item as a sample from every type, in order to make this measure to operate effectively. This can assist in avoiding checking off every kind, thereby depicting an aggregate crosscheck betwixt various scenarios. Nonetheless, utilization of one method cannot assure an appropriate outcome because every statistical measure is oppressed with its own restrictions and the qualitative investigation is not conducted. Furthermore, a single scenario can be taken into due consideration through a hypothesis, in contrast to an audit that can have more (Ittner et. al, 2003). Therefore, although being simple, an audit process can have many variables, that are very significant. Thus, since hypothesis takes into due consideration only a single variable, a point of concern arises, thereby creating a situation of making the research distorted in nature. Importance and limitations With the assistance of this article, various relevant points of discussion arise because of several flaws in the current system. Therefore, such research is crucial to establish a path for enhancements in the system. The research will enable the system to have a proper balance and leads to a strong practice. Moreover, as per studies, it has been shown that human behavior is generally reasonable in nature, and it attempts to enhance the advantages of a scenario (Hay et. al, 2006). Besides, this article also has its disadvantages. Firstly, it primarily concentrates on a vital part of the thesis, and it could offer better suggestions together with illustrations to enhance the efficiency of the research. It means the research can be optimized through various ways. Furthermore, this article primarily takes the present theories to be efficiently true in nature and implements such theories (Hogget et. al, 2012). However, in reality, such theories have developed over due passage of time, and have not been examined since then. Hence, the part of the examination is missing and does not provide adequate back up (Choi et. al, 2009). This, in turn, lessens the importance of the concept. Therefore, such enhancements are a clear proof that developments are in fact still incurring in this operation. However, such advancements are very crucial in relation to such theories because it can play a key role in restricting these limitations, and it cannot be done if the level of st udy and research is not enhanced. Various statistical measures can play a key role in representing distinct outcomes and since, accounting is a prime subject with innumerable limitations and variables, the errors of measurement must be given due consideration. It must be provided adequate emphasis so that a better stand could be taken. Furthermore, considering an effective representation of samples is equally crucial because it must shed light on a virtuous picture as much as possible of the complete population (Fogarty Markarian, 2007). However, making a judgment of an entire population through a sample can have its own disadvantages and restrictions, and that must be taken due care of prior to evaluating the required outcomes. On a whole, this is one of the prime disadvantages that must be given due consideration as the sample may fail to depict the real nature of the population, thereby failing to offer an effective piece of information. If the information is ineffective in nature it will destroy the effectivenes s of the result. Conclusion With the help of this article, it can be clearly understood that the intensity of the present research of accounting is insufficient in nature, and has failed to procure the same to operate it. Therefore, this generates an immediate requirement to undertake a more systematic and strong approach that is also incorporated with methodological measures. Moreover, analytical models and unguarded models are the key way towards progress with more rigorous examination and re-examination that can be attained by replication, thereby playing a key role in offering several positive or effective outcomes for the accounting research. The curbs and other limitations of this field can be used to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, the different opportunities that are generated through this research can be utilized in order establish a more rigorous and theoretically appropriate framework (Humphrey, 2008). Moreover, since new and innovative methodologies have been developing with the due passage of time, these can play a key role in enhancing the validity and importance of such research, thereby granting it the potential to align freely to fresh scenarios. On a whole, this methodology of positive accounting research must have to proceed with the due passage of time. References Antle, R., Gordon, E., Narayanamoorthy, G., Zhou, L 2006, The joint de-termination of audit fees, non-audit fees, and abnormal accruals, Review of Quantitative Finance Accounting vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 235-266 Ashton, D., Dunmore, P., Tippett, M., 2004, Double entry bookkeeping and the distributional properties of a financial ratios, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 583-606. Choi, J.H., Kim, J.B., Liu, X., Simunic, D. A., 2009, Cross-listing audit fee premiums: Theory and evidence, The Accounting Review vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1429- 1463. Dahmash, F. N., Durand, R. B.,Watson, J., 2009, The value relevance and re- liability of reported goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, The British Accounting Review vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 120- 137. Davila, A Foster, G., 2007, Management control systems in early-stage startup companies, The Accounting Review vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 907- 937. Dunmore, P.V 2009, Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand Fogarty, T. J., Markarian, G 2007, An empirical assessment of the rise and fall of accounting as an academic discipline, Issues in Accounting Education vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 137161 Francis, J. R., 2006, Are auditors compromised by nonaudit services? Assessing the evidence, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 747- 760. Hay, D. C., Knechel, W. R., Wong, N., 2006, Audit fees: A meta-analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no.2, pp. 141- 191. Hogget, J., Edwards, L., Medlin, C Tiling, M 2012, Financial accounting, 8th edition, John Wiley Humphrey, C., 2008, Auditing research: A review across the disciplinary Divide, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 170- 203. Ittner, C. D., Larcker, D. F., Meyer, M. W., 2003, Subjectivity and the weighting of performance measures: Evidence from a balanced scorecard, The Accounting Review vol.78, no. 3, pp. 725-758. Kealey, B. T., Lee, H. Y., Stein, M. T., 2007, The association between audit- tenure and audit fees paid to successor auditors: Evidence from Arthur Andersen, Auditing vol.26, no. 2, pp. 95-116. Tinker, T, B. Merino, Neimark M 1982, The Normative Origins of Positive Theories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations and Society vol. 2, pp. 167200.